Panel estimators that combine travel cost and contingent behavior data sets for evaluating protected areas
Abstract
Although conservation policies and practices have always been
influenced by political and economic factors, economic analysis
has played a limited role in conservation decision-making until
recent years. Many people are realizing that the fundamental
forces driving the loss of biological diversity (e.g. land conversion
and over-exploitation of natural parks) have economic roots. This
paper extends a fairly conceptual innovation used by Cameron
(1992) for measuring impure public goods. A model was developed
using the information of a travel cost set and a contingent behavior
set by imposing restrictions in the cross-equation parameters
without losing consistency in the utility function specified. The
present value of tourism visits to the monarch butterfly sanctuary
using the probit model was calculated from a range of discount
rate options. This present value ranges from 35 to 80 million
dollars. The own-price elasticity for the model using admission
fees was also estimated for calculating the revenue-maximizing
admission fee. The optimal entrance fee from the landowners’
perspective was calculated at 15 dollars.
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