Mules forgotten by colonial agricultural history: restitution
Abstract
Until the arrival of the Spaniards during the 16th Century,
mesoamerican agriculture did not use the force of domestic
animals to carry out agricultural practices or to transport loads
and people. It was the colonizers who, motivated by the need
to produce food and merchandise characteristic of the Old
World culture, and for transportation in the new conquered
lands, introduced animals, harnesses and their utilization
technology. We know that the Spanish tradition prefers bovines
as draft animals for instruments and vehicles, while horses
are appreciated as mount animals and mules are useful for
load transport. However, in the document entitled Haciendas
y Ranchos de Tlaxcala en 1712, the result of a census in
Spanish farms commissioned by the King, there is information
about mules present in estates at the time, which were used
fundamentally as draft animals for plowing, contradicting the
idea that this species was preferred as a pack animal.
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